Denmark

Copenhagen

A flat, bike-first royal capital where the harbour in the middle of town is clean enough to swim in.

Copenhagen is a low, flat harbour capital where the painted merchant houses along Nyhavn are the postcard and a small bronze mermaid on a rock is the other thing everyone is sent to see. It is a city of royal palaces and a working port that cleaned its own water up so thoroughly that people now swim off public platforms in the middle of town. It is also where the New Nordic idea was worked out in the 2000s, which changed how Scandinavian kitchens cook and made a small capital a food destination.

Suggested stay

3–5 days

Language

Danish

Currency

DKK

Timezone

UTC+2

Why you'll love Copenhagen

The harbour  cleaned to swimming standard, with public bathing platforms in the centre and small ferries used like buses

Bikes  separated lanes wide enough to overtake on, flat ground and more bicycles than cars, which makes the whole city calmer

Nyhavn and the palaces  a canal of eighteenth-century painted houses, and four royal mansions around a cobbled square with a guard change at midday

Food  the New Nordic movement was worked out here, and it runs from the tasting menus down to the open sandwiches and the bakeries

Best time to visit

May-Sep

14-20° days

Fair weather Apr, Oct-Nov
Avoid if you can Dec-Mar
Copenhagen

55.687° N, 12.570° E

UTC+2 · Europe/Copenhagen

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Weather & when to go to Copenhagen

Month by month: typical highs and lows, rainfall and rain days.

✓ Best May-Sep

Jan
44mm
13d rain
Feb
32mm
11d rain
Mar
30mm
10d rain
Apr
10°
28mm
9d rain
May
14°
47mm
10d rain
Jun
18°
13°
60mm
12d rain
Jul
20°
15°
59mm
13d rain
Aug
20°
16°
74mm
15d rain
Sep
17°
13°
59mm
12d rain
Oct
12°
61mm
14d rain
Nov
49mm
14d rain
Dec
47mm
14d rain

Cards tinted by calculated verdict · big number = typical daily high, small = low · hover for conditions

When to avoid Copenhagen

Midwinter is dark, wet and windy rather than crisply snowy, with only a few useful hours of daylight and a wind off the sound that finds every gap in a coat. The pleasure garden in the middle of the city also shuts between its seasons rather than opening year round, so check before building a day around it. Summer is the obvious answer and everyone knows it: the harbour baths, the terraces and the trains to the castles up the coast all fill.

Top things to do in Copenhagen

  1. Nyhavn - the painted canal

    scenic 👍 Popular

    A short arm of water dug in the 1670s so ships could unload in the middle of town, lined with narrow gabled houses in ochre, red and blue. Andersen lived in three of them at different times, and the wooden boats still moored along it are old.

  2. The pleasure garden in the middle of the city

    culture arts 👍 Popular

    A nineteenth-century amusement garden right beside the central station, more park than fairground: lanterns in the trees, a wooden roller coaster from 1914, an open-air stage and lawns people simply sit on. It opens in seasons rather than year round.

  3. Christiansborg - the tower, the ruins and the tapestries

    history ⭐ Highly recommended

    Parliament, supreme court and royal reception rooms share one palace on the islet where the city began. Underneath are the excavated foundations of the medieval castle, the reception halls hold seventeen modern tapestries of Danish history, and the tower is the tallest in the city and free to go up.

  4. Amalienborg and the changing of the guard

    history

    Four matching rococo mansions around an octagonal cobbled square, still the royal residence, with the guard marching across the city from their barracks each day to change at midday. The domed marble church closes one side of the view.

  5. Rosenborg Castle and the crown jewels

    history

    Christian IV's small Renaissance summer palace in the King's Garden, kept as a set of period rooms with a coronation throne of narwhal tusk, and the crown regalia still held in the basement vault.

  6. The National Museum

    history

    The place to see what came out of the Danish ground: the Bronze Age sun chariot, lur horns, oak-coffin burials with clothing intact, and the Viking and rune stone collections, all in an old royal townhouse.

  7. The Glyptotek

    culture arts

    A brewer's collection of Roman, Greek and Egyptian sculpture plus a serious room of French painting, built around a domed winter garden of palms and a fountain that is the warmest place in the city on a grey day.

  8. The Round Tower

    history

    A seventeenth-century observatory you climb by a wide spiral ramp rather than stairs, built so a horse and cart could get instruments to the top. Still an observatory, with a view over the old roofs.

  9. Langelinie and the Little Mermaid

    scenic 👍 Popular

    The bronze figure from Andersen's story sits on a rock at the edge of a harbour promenade, small and usually surrounded. The walk out along the water past the star-shaped Kastellet fortress is the better half of the trip.

  10. Harbour baths and the harbour buses

    nature wildlife ⭐ Highly recommended

    Public swimming platforms are built into the harbour at Islands Brygge and elsewhere, with lifeguards in summer and water tested clean. The yellow public boats run the length of the harbour on ordinary transit tickets and pass most of the modern architecture.

  11. Christiania

    culture arts

    A self-governing community founded in 1971 on an abandoned military site in Christianshavn, with its own rules, self-built houses and workshops along the ramparts. It has long had an open cannabis trade, which is illegal, contested, and the subject of repeated police action and of attempts by residents themselves to end it. Photography is restricted in parts and the signs saying so are meant seriously.

  12. Smorrebrod and the New Nordic table

    food

    Open sandwiches on dense rye - pickled herring, roast pork with crackling, breaded plaice with remoulade - are the old tradition, still done properly in the covered market hall and in basement lunch rooms. The New Nordic kitchens that grew up here in the 2000s are the other half of the story.

  13. The waste plant with a ski slope on its roof

    scenic

    Out on Amager, the city's waste-to-energy plant was built with a dry ski and toboggan slope down its roof, a walking path up it and a climbing wall on one flank, all open to the public with the harbour and the wind turbines laid out below.

Best areas to stay in Copenhagen

$ Budget $$ Mid-range $$$ Premium

Live nightly prices from Booking.com, Agoda and others, centred on Copenhagen

Map loads only when you ask · prices open on the partner's sitevia Stay22

Getting to & around Copenhagen

Getting there

Fly into Kastrup and take the metro or a mainline train into the centre in about a quarter of an hour

Flight

Copenhagen Kastrup (CPH)

Eight km southeast of the centre on Amager, and unusually close for a hub of its size. A driverless metro runs from under the terminal to Kongens Nytorv and the old town in about fifteen minutes, and mainline trains from the same station reach the central station in around a quarter of an hour and carry on over the bridge into Sweden.

Train

Copenhagen Central Station

Trains from Hamburg and from across Denmark arrive at the central station beside the pleasure garden, and the line from Malmo and southern Sweden crosses the Oresund bridge in around forty minutes

Coach

Ingerslevsgade

Long-distance coaches from Germany, Sweden and around Denmark stop on the street along the back of the central station

Ferry

Langelinie & Nordhavn

The overnight ferry from Oslo berths at Langelinie, walking distance from the centre, and cruise ships use the quays further north

Getting around

Bike

Separated lanes on almost every street, flat ground and hire bikes everywhere; genuinely the fastest way across the city, and traffic expects you

TBC

One ticket covers metro, S-trains, buses and the harbour buses across the city zones; buy it in the transit app or from a machine before boarding, or load a rechargeable national travel card, since tapping a bank card at a gate is not how the system works here.

Metro

Driverless, frequent and running all night at weekends, with the ring line reaching most districts a visitor uses

TBC

S-train

Suburban rail out to the deer park, the beaches and the castles along the coast north of the city

TBC

Harbour bus

Public boats run the length of the harbour on ordinary transit tickets, which makes them the cheapest canal tour going

TBC

Walking

The old town is compact and pedestrianised along Stroget, and the harbour promenades link most of the sights

Free

Bus

Fills in the cross-town gaps the rail lines miss, including the run out to Amager

TBC

Day trips from Copenhagen

Roskilde

Half day

Cathedral & Viking ships

A brick cathedral holding the tombs of forty Danish monarchs, and on the fjord below it a museum built around five Viking ships raised from the water, with a working yard building sailing replicas beside it.

Getting there

train | car

30 min by train west

Kronborg at Helsingor

Half day

Renaissance castle

Shakespeare's Elsinore: a moated Renaissance fortress guarding the narrowest point of the sound, with casemates underneath holding a statue of a sleeping folk hero, and a maritime museum sunk into the dry dock next door.

Getting there

train | car

45 min by train north

Humlebaek and the modern art museum on the sound

Half day

Art in a coastal park

Low glass and brick wings threaded through a sculpture park on a bluff, with Sweden across the water. As much about the walk between the buildings and the lawn as about the collection inside.

Getting there

train | walk | car

35 min by train north, then a short walk

Frederiksborg Castle at Hillerod

Half day

Moated palace

A red-brick Renaissance palace spread over three islands in a lake, rebuilt after an 1859 fire with brewery money and now the museum of national history, with a terraced baroque garden across the water.

Getting there

train | car

40 min by train northwest

Dyrehaven

Half day

Royal deer park

A former royal hunting forest of old oaks and open grass grazed by hundreds of deer, with a hunting lodge on the hill in the middle and a very old fairground just inside the gate.

Getting there

train | walk | car

25 min by train north

Malmo

Full day

Sweden over the bridge

Another country over a bridge and a tunnel, with a twisting residential tower on the waterfront, a moated castle and a compact old town. Carry a passport or identity card; there are checks on the crossing.

Getting there

train | car

40 min by train across the Oresund bridge

A little history of Copenhagen

Copenhagen began as a herring harbour on the sound, and its founding is usually dated to 1167, when Bishop Absalon fortified the islet now occupied by Christiansborg. The name means merchants' harbour, and the herring trade and the toll on ships passing up the sound made it rich enough to be worth taking; it became the capital in 1443. Christian IV, who reigned for most of the first half of the seventeenth century, is responsible for a startling amount of what visitors still look at: Rosenborg, the Round Tower, the Christianshavn canals and the sailors' terraces at Nyboder.

Two great fires in the eighteenth century and a British bombardment in 1807, which ended with the Danish fleet sailing away in British hands, wiped out much of the medieval city, which is why so much of the centre is elegant and eighteenth or nineteenth century rather than crooked and medieval. A cholera epidemic in 1853 forced the ramparts down and the city out into Norrebro, Vesterbro and Osterbro. Occupation from 1940 to 1945 is remembered above all for the ferrying of most of Denmark's Jews to safety in Sweden in 1943. The last three decades belong to the harbour: docks turned into swimming water, the bridge to Sweden, a driverless metro, and a food scene the rest of the region copied.

Timeline
1167

Bishop Absalon fortifies the islet where Christiansborg now stands

1443

Copenhagen becomes the capital of Denmark

1642

Christian IV's Round Tower is finished as an observatory with a spiral ramp

1728

Fire destroys much of the medieval city; another follows in 1795

1807

A British fleet bombards the city and carries off the Danish navy

1853

Cholera brings the ramparts down and the city spreads into new districts

1943

Most of Denmark's Jewish population is ferried across the sound to Sweden

2000

The Oresund bridge opens and joins the city to southern Sweden by rail and road

Know before you go

Payment

Cards everywhere

English

Everywhere

Wifi

Reliable

Power

Type C / F / K

230 V, 50 Hz

Dialing

+45

Dec-Mar

The months our climate read flags to avoid: the wettest, lowest-rated weather of the year.

FAQs about Copenhagen

How many days do you need in Copenhagen?

Three covers it properly: one for the old town, the palaces and the canal, one for the harbour, Christianshavn and the museums, and one for eating and walking without a list. A fourth buys a castle or the art museum up the coast.

Is Copenhagen expensive?

Yes, straightforwardly, with restaurants and drinks the painful part. The mitigations are real though: the bike, the harbour baths, the palace tower and the parks cost nothing, bakeries and open sandwiches feed you well for little, and the harbour buses run on an ordinary transit ticket.

Can you really swim in the harbour?

Yes. The port water was cleaned up through the 1990s and is tested through the season, and there are public bathing platforms in the middle of the city with lifeguards in summer. It is cold, and Danes treat that as part of the point.

What should you know before walking into Christiania?

It is a self-governing community, not an attraction, and it has its own rules posted at the entrances. Photography is restricted in parts. There has long been an open cannabis trade there, which is illegal under Danish law, has drawn repeated police operations and has been contested by residents themselves. Walking through is ordinary and common; buying, photographing the trade or wandering into people's homes is not.

Is Copenhagen worth visiting in winter?

It is dark, wet and short on daylight, and it rarely turns into a snowy postcard. What it does have is an indoor city: the museums, the covered market hall, the palaces, long lunches and the pleasure garden's winter opening. Come for that and it works; come for terraces and harbour swimming and it does not.

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